Pdf determination of salt content in crude oil, turbine oil and some. Determination of the heptane insoluble asphaltene content of gas oil, diesel fuel, residual fuel oils, lubricating oil, bitumen, and crude petroleum that has been topped. This salt content is usually measured in pounds of salt per thousand barrels of oil ptb. In the desalting process, water is mixed with the crude, passing through a mix valve prior to entering the desalter. Standard test method for salt in crude oils potentiometric. Ip user allows user calibration according to ip 265 values. Pdf desalting crude oil analysis of salt in crude oil. Crude oil is mixed with wash water to remove most of inorganic contaminants e. For the purpose of this test method, salt is expressed as % mm nacl sodium chloride and covers the range from 0. Existing salt content in crude oils can lead to serious problems during petroleum production, refining process, transportation and also some related chemical and petroleum engineering processes. Table 1 shows that the oil from the omidie field is more stable than the. Astm d3230 19 standard test method for salts in crude oil. Application technical document industrial analysis. It may also be applied to the estimation of seawater contamination of used turbine oil and of marine diesel fuel.
After done this, if the dry point cannot be reduced, or remove organic chlorides from crude oil by using. Standard test method for salts in crude oil electrometric. When a mixture from many crude oil sources is processed in refinery, the salt content can vary greatly. The mod4100 s is online salt in crude oil analyzer, which is designed to provide real time analytical data of the salt content in crude oils. The mod4100s is an online salt in crude oil analyzer, which is designed to provide real time analytical data of the salt content in crude oils. The analyser is a robust and portable instrument for determining the chloride salt content of crude oils in full conformity to astm d3230, ip 265 and equivalent test methods. Development of a method for online determination of chlorine impurity in crude oil by using fast neutrons. Crude distilled % at 1100f 100 3ccr, ccr is the carbon residue for whole crude oil 5 salt content, lb bbl if the salt content of the crude, when expressed as nacl, is greater than 10 lb bbl, it is generally necessary to desalt the crude before processing. Biorem environmental consultants 1601 meadowbrook dr.
Chemical properties play important roles in the stability of crude oil emulsion. Desalting of crude oil and some products at kurdistan region iraq. I did mentioned the difference of salt content value by using the actual value of crude oil density 0. Determination of salt content in crude oil, turbine oil and some refinery products volumetrically article pdf available in journal of chemical and pharmaceutical sciences 101. Salt content limits might be by either of the following. D323019 standard test method for salts in crude oil electrometric method.
Most salts are diluted in the water phase why the crude oils water content should be minimised, e. At the same time, most of the sulfur compounds in the oil are broken down. In predetermining the amount of salt in crude oil for the purpose of plant control, a quick and easy analytical. The salt content of crude oil is reduced by washing crude oil containing residual salt water with wash water of lower salinity than the water present in the crude oil and allowing the resulting mixture to settle into a layer of crude oil of reduced salt water content and a layer of saline water. The removal of salt from crude oil is recommended for refinery feed stocks, if the salt content exceeds 20 ptb pounds of salt, expressed.
These products are distributed by truck through a system of terminals and by pipelines. The analyser is a robust and portable instrument for determining the chloride salt content of crude oils in full conformity to. The desalting is usually the first process in crude oil refining. Salt and water content specifications are even more rigid because of their negative effect in downstream processes due to corrosion, and catalyst deactivation. Carbon residue, basic sediment and water, and salt content. Their physical characteristics are shown in table 1. Astmprecal precalibrated for use in conformity to astm d3230. Crude oil characterization crude oils used for these sets of experiments are from two fields, omidie and ahwaz heavy crude oil. The general oil classification is related to the crude oils ease of flow and conse.
In the past year, considerable attention has been focused on transportation and quality issues related to bakken crude oil. Salt content in desalted crude oil should be less than one. Pdf determination of salt content in crude oil, turbine. For these reasons, measurements of salt and water content in crude oils are very important. Determination of the approximate chloride salts concentration in crude oil. Salt content of crude oil is variable and can be affected by production practices and from handling during distribution, accurate determination of the salt content of crude oil provides data that assists with desalting operations. North dakota industrial commission department of mineral resources bismarck, nd 585050840 funded by the oil and gas research council technical author len j. Pdf salts as chloride in crude oil, diesel, kerosene, gasoline and turbine oil was determined. Confusing heterogeneous denominations arise because of similar key characteristics presented by these resources.
The salt can lead to fouling and corrosion of heat exchangers and distillation overhead systems. Therefore, a reliable and accurate model is required to predict crude oil salt content for overcoming the problems faced. Petroleum refinery activities start with receipt of. Determination of salts in crude oil analytical chemistry. Therefore an olddeep crude oil has low viscosity, low density, and very low sulfur content. This program is the most thorough and comprehensive study of crude quality from a tight oil production basin to date. This method is suitable for the determination of the total salts content of crude oil in the range 5 mgl to 300 mgl expressed in terms of sodium chloride. The salt content after the desalter is usually measured in ptb pounds of salt per thousand barrels of crude oil. Determination of salt content in crude oil, turbine oil and some refinery products volumetrically article pdf available in journal of chemical and pharmaceutical sciences 101 december 2016.
Environmental water must be treated before it can be disposed of. The method includes introducing a volume of the crude oil and a solvent to a mixing. Discover how to manage chloride in the refinery crude unit. The quantity of wash water employed is greater than 7. The apparatus can include a pair of electrodes, a solvent storage container, a power source, a temperature sensor, a computer, and a display device. The samples under this study collected from different places in kurdistan. Salt content salt content of crude oils can be measured using the standard method astm d3230 and reported as lb nacl bbl. The 99700507 is a replacement unit for existing users of the salt in crude analyser 997006, it is supplied without accessories.
In the mid1840s, he became aware of crude oil through his salt business. Astm d6470 992015 standard test method for salt in crude oils. The salt is dissolved in the water in the crude oil, not in the crude oil itself. The seta salt in crude analyser is a robust and portable instrument for determining the chloride salt content of crude oils in full conformity to astm d3230, ip 265 and equivalent test methods. Salts as chloride in crude oil, diesel, kerosene, gasoline and turbine oil was determined. The salt content in the crude oil varies depending on source of the crude oil. The mix valve creates vigorous contact between the water and crude resulting. Salt is not desirable in the refining plant due to formation of deposits on the equipment vessel walls, and also corrosion of equipment vessel walls. Hazards of organic chloride to petroleum processing in. The inorganic salts can be decomposed in the crude oil preheat exchangers and heaters. This method is intended for the determination of total halide concentration of 0. A method and apparatus for determining the salt concentration of crude oil using a single solvent that allows for improved safety and accuracy. The mod4100 s is online salt in crude oil analyzer, which is designed to provide real time analytical data of.
Crude oil extracted from the geological sources is sometimes accompanied with salt content. Determination of salt content in crude oil, turbine oil and some refinery products volumetrically article pdf available in journal of chemical and pharmaceutical sciences 110. The chemical composition of these salts varies, but nearly always is mostly nacl, with lesser amounts of calcium and magnesium chloride. Astm user allows user calibration of astm values ie. Corrosion in the crude distillation unit overhead line. For many in the salt business, the oil was a nuisance, and they were content to burn it or allow it to run off into nearby waterways. D6470992015 standard test method for salt in crude oils potentiometric method salt content potentiometric method crude petroleum products fuel oils. Desalting removing the salt is necessary when nacl content is greater than 10 lbs bbl.
Occasionally, wells drilled for salt water would produce foulsmelling petroleum alongside the brine. Crude oil dehydration and desalting longdom publishing sl. If the ca content is very high in crude oil and desalted crude is also having high amount of ca more than 10 ppm, this ca will affect the fcc process because ca acts as a catalyst poison. Its caleb brett 4 test methods for determining water d 96 water and sediment in crude oil by centrifuge method. The hydrolysis of mgcl2 starts about 120c and hydrolysis of cacl2 starts about 210c. The salt lake city refinery processes crude oil from utah, colorado and wyoming to manufacture gasoline, distillates, propane and heavy fuel oil. This combination of properties makes the olddeep crudes the most. If a crude oil is buried deeply and for a long time, extensive breaking apart of the carbon chains can occur.
An optimum formulation concept is presented to describe emulsion. Standard test methods astm and others for crude oil. Depending on the downstream process, a limit of between 1 10 ptb of salt is usually. Desalting more important than water content to a refiner is the salt content of the oil. Heavy oil, extra heavy oil, oil sand, tar sands, oil shale and bitumen are all unconventional oil resources. The final results for various samples show a salt content ppm of crude oil 307. Physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products. A desalter is a process unit in an oil refinery that removes salt from the crude oil. The range of concentration covered is 0 to 500 mgkg d3230 or 2 to 1500 mgkg d6470 as chloride concentrationvolume of crude oil. The north dakota petroleum council study on bakken crude.
When a measurement is inititiated, the xylene valve, alcohol valve and crude valve are all rotated to the deliver position. Online measurement of the salt concentration in crude oil plays an important role in the crude oil chain, from the well head until entering the crude distillation unit. Desalting is a waterwashing operation performed initially at the production field and thereafter at the refinery site for additional crude oil cleanup. Determination of salt content in crude oil, turbine oil and some. The delivery air solenoid is opened, allowing air to push the crude and solvents into the. History and development of test methods from 1854 to 2016. Measure salt content quickly, accurately, completely online. Standard test methods astm and others for crude oil properties. An optimum formulation concept is presented to describe emulsion breaking in. Further salts are detrimental for catalysts in the downstream conversion processes. The total chlorine content of the mixed crude oil is controlled below 30mgkg 12. The primary means to remove these contaminants is the desalting process. Salt 100 mg l coking % 2,06 ash % 0,004 distillation vol.
Its technology correlates with astm d3230, an electrometric method, which determines the salt concentration in crude oil by measuring the conductivity a sample of crude oil a mixture of an xylene and. The operation of a desalting unit is very difficult due to commonly changing process conditions such as crude feed quality, crude water content, interface level control of emulsions, mixing, grid loading etc. Because of hydrolysis hcl forms which causes overhead corrosion. The analyzer is now ready to begin salt content measurements. The objective of desalting process is to remove chloride salts and other minerals from the crude oil by waterwashing. Excessive salt levels may cause corrosion problems and clogging of pipelines, refining and catalytic processes. This report documents the detailed sampling and testing program recently conducted on bakken crude oil. The basrah heavy stream is exported from the al basra oil terminal and khor alamaya oil terminal. Load port data the al basra oil terminal, commonly referred to as abot, is a deep sea island offshore crude terminal located approximately 31 nautical miles. Processability water content can cause difficulties in refining and transportation.
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